WBCS Exam Notes for Prelims & Mains

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WBCS Exam Notes for Prelims & Mains – Indian Polity Notes – Indian Constitution

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WBCS Exam Notes for Prelims & Mains – Indian Polity Notes – Indian Constitution

This PDF is important for various exams like UPSC, IAS, RAS, UPPSC, MPPSC, BPSC, SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, Railway, State PSC, Sub inspector, Patwari exam, LDC Exam, Revenue office Exam

Topics covered :

cover topics like –

* Indian constitution introduction

* Indian Parliament (Lok sabha and Rajya sabha)

* Governors

* All India services officers

* Judges of high court

* Election commission

* CAG (Comptroller and Auditor general)

* The President

* Vice president

Indian constitution introduction and important notes for WBCS Exam –

Our Indian constitution is called as Federal system of Government. But why ?

* As per Professor Garner, federal system is > a type of government where the administrative power is divided into the center and the states. And both are supreme within their ruling and decision making system. Both the state and central government draw their authority from the constitution.

* Both the state and central govt operate within their respective spheres without interfering each other’s jurisdiction.

* The original constitution has 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, 22 parts and is a written form of constitution at the time of commencement.

* The supreme court of India is the apex court in India and is the guardian of the Indian constitution.

* The constitution of India has bicameral Parliament which has two houses –

1. Lok sabha

2. Rajya sabha

* Lok sabha is the lower house and Rajya sabha is the upper house

* The Indian constitution has a single citizenship system for each citizens and the power to grant or withdraw the citizenship lies within the Indian parliament.

* Emergency provisions – Under article 352, 356 and 360, the president of India can declare emergency. During the emergency period the union can issue directions and orders to the states.

Governors (Indian Polity Notes for WBCS) –

* They are appointed by the president and holds their office during his pleasure

* They are the administrative heads of the state administrations BUT are agents of the centre

* The states have no right to say in their appointments and their removal from their duty

All India services officers like IAS, IPS –

* IAS, IPS officers are appointed by the president with the recommendations of the UPSC (union public service commission)

* These officers are accountable to Union government

Judges of High court –

* They are appointed by the President

* They are removed by the President after impeached by the Parliament

Indian Polity notes for WBCS prelims and mains –

Election commission –

* The members of Election commission are appointed by President with the consultation of Prime minister

CAG (Comptroller and Auditor general) –

* He audits the accounts of the center and the states

* Often called as watchdog of Indian revenue system

* He is appointed by President

The President (WBCS Indian Polity Notes) –

* He is elected by an electoral college consists of elected member of both houses of parliament (i.e. Lok sabha and Rajya sabha) AND elected members of state legislative assembly (i.e. vidhan sabha) AND two union territories (i.e. Delhi and Puducherry); under a system of proportional representation with single transferable vote

* The voting is done under a secret ballot. The election method is indirect.

* President is the first highest constitutional post of India

* Age required to be elected as a president – minimum 35 years

* He holds his office for a period of 5 years

* He is eligible for re-election

* He takes oath by the CJI (Chief justice of India)

* If the President wants to resign from his duties, then he would submit his resignation letter to the Vice-president of India

* He is the executive head of the Republic of India

* He is ex-officio supreme commander of defence forces (army, airforce, navy)

* He can make peace or can declare war (as per the part 18 of Indian constitution he can declare emergency rule in any part of India)

* He makes major constitutional appointments like Chief justice, governors, prime minister, ministers

* Except the money bill, any bill passed by Parliament must receive his accent before becoming a Act

* He can address any house of the parliament (Lok sabha or rajya sabha)

* The president can dissolve the Lok sabha and can declare fresh elections

* He can issue ordinance when Parliament is not in session

* No money bill can be introduced in the parliament without President’s accent

* He appoints finance commission after 5 years

* Judges of supreme court and high court are appointed by him

* He can grant pardon, death sentence, punishment and he is not answerable to any law or court

* During some critical conditions he can suspend the whole constitution or some articles from it under emergency like –

a. financial emergency

b. failure of constitution in a state

c. any external war

d. army rebellion

Vice President (Indian Polity Notes) –

* Vice-President is the second highest constitutional post of India

* He is the ex-officio chairman of Rajya sabha

* Age required to be elected as a vice-president – minimum 35 years

* He is elected by the members of both houses of parliament (i.e. Lok sabha and Rajya sabha); under a system of proportional representation with single transferable vote

* The voting is done under a secret ballot. The election method is indirect.

* All the disputes (if any) during the election is handled by the Supreme Court

* He holds his office for a period of 5 years

* He takes oath by the President of India

* If the vice-President wants to resign from his duties, then he would submit his resignation letter to the president of India

* During President absent (illness, death, removal, resignation); the Vice-president act as a president for maximum period of 6 months, till a new president is elected

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